Central Research Questions
This project, conducted by Victor Johansson, explores the habitat requirements, population dynamics, and conservation strategies of three endangered butterfly species Marsh Fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia), Apollo (Parnassius apollo) and the Large Blue (Phengaris arion). The central research questions are: How do vegetation type, microclimate, and host plant availability shape the habitat preferences of each species? How do population trends change over time, and what factors influence these changes? How do individuals move and disperse across the landscape between habitats? How does grazing affect butterfly populations and their host plants, and what grazing regimes best support conservation? And how do temperature changes and extreme weather events, such as the 2018 summer drought, affect the butterflies' phenology, behavior, and survival?
Background and Aims
The projects focal species, E. aurinia, P. apollo and P. arion, are of significant conservation concern and are included in the EU's Habitats Directive. The project aims to provide critical insights into the conservation needs of these endangered butterflies and to develop effective management strategies to ensure their survival. By understanding the detailed habitat requirements and population dynamics, the project seeks to enhance conservation efforts not only for these species but also for the broader ecosystem they inhabit.
Methods
Extensive fieldwork involving mark-recapture techniques is used to monitor butterfly populations and movements. GIS and statistical models are used to analyze habitat data, population trends, and movement patterns. Temperature loggers are installed to record microclimatic conditions and their impact on butterfly activity and survival. Controlled grazing experiments are conducted to determine the best practices for maintaining butterfly habitats. Local communities and stakeholders are also involved in conservation efforts and habitat management. This project is carried out on Gotland, Sweden.